Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt: Multifunctional Compound with Multiple Application Scenarios

Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt, featuring pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, CAS: 122628-50-6) as its pivotal active constituent, is an extraordinary aromatic tricyclic o-quinone compound known as the "king of immunity" in biological circles and acknowledged by the scientific fraternity as one of the most formidable natural antioxidants discovered. Boasting remarkable antioxidant capabilities, PQQ manifests a vast array of vital physiological roles within the body, encompassing the safeguarding of mitochondria, stimulation of growth, modulation of energy metabolism, influence on neural functioning, enhancement of cardiac performance, and amelioration of diabetes and its associated complications.

 

 

Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt information:

 

CAS No.: 122628-50-6

Molecular formula: C14H4N2Na2O8

Molecular weight: 374.17

Recommended intake: lower than 20 mg per day.

 

 

 

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt (PQQ) Efficacy

 

Enhancing Mitochondrial Metabolism

Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (PQQ) fosters the proliferation and maturation of mitochondria, catalyzing the swift growth of human cells. It serves as a "potent catalyst" for mitochondrial metabolism, exerting profound benefits on brain vitality, cardiovascular wellness, and overall metabolic health.

 

Antioxidant Potency

PQQ boasts remarkable antioxidant capabilities, proficiently neutralizing free radicals within the body. This not only mitigates their harmful effects but also guards against the onset of illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

 

Modulation of Immune Response

PQQ stimulates cellular growth, particularly the activation of B and T lymphocytes, thereby bolstering the body's immune defenses and enhancing overall immune function.

 

Mitigating and Healing Liver Injury

PQQ demonstrates a marked ability to decrease serum bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase levels, preserving liver function and promoting recovery from liver damage. It exhibits exceptional therapeutic potential in managing various liver conditions.

 

Treatment of Nervous System Diseases

PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) fosters the synthesis of neurotransmitters within the human body, modulating a range of neurological disorders. Additionally, it aids in the restoration of nerve fibers, energizes neurons, revives dormant nerve cells, thus effectively guarding against Alzheimer's disease and enhancing cognitive abilities.

 

Facilitating Amino Acid Absorption

As the prosthetic group of quinone protease, PQQ participates in electron transport within the respiratory chain, significantly enhancing the uptake of amino acids – the fundamental building blocks for cellular fluid and protein synthesis.

 

 

Medical Implications

 

- In cases of traumatic brain injury, PQQ demonstrates pronounced neuroprotective properties, inhibiting apoptotic and autophagic processes, thereby presenting promising avenues for medical application.

 

- Studies in the C. elegans model reveal that PQQ markedly boosts resistance to oxidative stress and extends lifespan, potentially through the activation of DAF-16 and SKN-1 factors. This underscores its potential significance in anti-aging therapies.

 

- PQQ activates epidermal growth factor receptors and promotes epithelial cell proliferation via a distinctive redox cycling mechanism, unveiling novel opportunities for its medical utilization.

 

- Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has garnered significant attention in the pharmaceutical realm owing to its diverse array of potential health benefits, encompassing heightened antioxidant activity, cognitive enhancement, immune system fortification, reduced C-reactive protein levels, and promising implications in modulating the inflammatory response to COVID-19.

 

- Research has demonstrated that PQQ possesses potential radioprotective properties in medical settings, enhancing survival rates in mice and facilitating the recovery of the hematopoietic system, underscoring its broad potential for medical applications.

 

- In models of myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion in rats, PQQ effectively reduced myocardial infarction size and improved cardiac function, underscoring its valuable potential in cardioprotection.

 

- Experiments conducted on HepG2 cells revealed that PQQ augments PGC-1α expression, modulates miRNA levels, and offers promising insights into the study of mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocellular carcinoma.

 

- Pyrroloquinoline compounds have displayed antiproliferative effects against various tumor cell lines, suggesting their potential application in cancer therapy.

 

- PQQ has emerged as a potential agent for improving insulin resistance, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for the management of type 2 diabetes.

 

- The polymorphic nature of pyrroloquinoline quinone lithium salt crystals renders it ideally suited for the formulation of drugs aimed at treating memory deficits, offering a glimmer of hope in the realm of neurodegenerative disease therapies.

 

- Pyrroloquinoline quinone's medical prowess extends to treating and preventing heart damage stemming from hypoxia or ischemia, thereby bolstering cardiac health safeguards.

 

- Boasting robust antioxidant capabilities and pleiotropic effects, pyrroloquinoline quinone displays vast potential in enhancing liver health, mitigating fibrosis, and fostering overall disease prevention.

 

- PQQ lithium salt derivatives have been devised to combat GSK-3 activity, diminish age-related pigmentation, and exhibit promising therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, aging processes, and Parkinson's disease.

 

- By modulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in mice, pyrroloquinoline quinone has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in alleviating allergic airway inflammation, positioning it as a promising candidate for novel inflammatory disease treatments.

 

- Research endeavors delve into how pyrroloquinoline quinone ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy through the inhibition of the pyroptosis signaling pathway, furnishing a theoretical foundation for its utilization in managing diabetic complications.

 

- Pyrroloquinoline quinone exhibits pharmacological benefits in accelerating alcohol metabolism and safeguarding against liver damage and cataract development; however, vigilance is warranted regarding its potential nephrotoxic effects.

 

- Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) exerts a profound impact on the treatment and prevention of liver fibrosis. It effectively counters the progression of this condition by bolstering the antioxidant defenses of liver tissue, suppressing collagen production, and mitigating inflammation.

 

- PQQ has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent across diverse medical domains, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, detoxification processes, anti-inflammatory therapies, anticancer strategies, cataract prevention, and metabolic bone disorders, underscoring its vast potential for medical applications.

 

- By activating mitochondrial biogenesis via the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, PQQ showcases potential pharmaceutical benefits in augmenting cellular energy generation and metabolic efficiency.

 

 

Food & Feed Applications

 

- Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) significantly enhances anti-fatigue capabilities, effectively prolongs exercise endurance, and markedly diminishes oxidative stress, tissue damage, and inflammatory responses. Consequently, it maintains bodily equilibrium and mitochondrial health, emerging as a potent ally against fatigue and oxidative stress.

 

- The novel food-grade disodium salt form of pyrroloquinoline quinone has been deemed safe for inclusion in dietary supplements intended for healthy adults. Nevertheless, caution is advised for pregnant and lactating women, who should refrain from its use. A daily intake of up to 20 mg is recommended to ensure both safety and efficacy.

 

- Extensive research has delved into the profound potential of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in mitigating fat accumulation and combating obesity, ushering in fresh hopes and viable solutions for obesity management.

 

- Purified PQQ-fortified foods boast not just exquisite taste but also the remarkable ability to curb microbial growth and prolong food shelf life. Incorporating PQQ or its derivatives into food enhances not only its quality but also fortifies food safety.

 

- Owing to its singular biological activity, PQQ has demonstrated expansive application prospects, encompassing the stimulation of nerve growth factors, acceleration of plant growth, and enhancement of microbial resilience. It has emerged as a prominent research focus in the realms of food science, medicine, and agriculture.

 

- As a vitamin-like substance, PQQ showcases substantial health benefits, particularly in fostering metabolic flexibility and neuroprotection, highlighting its immense potential and promising future as a therapeutic nutritional supplement.

 

- The fact that PQQ, a neuroprotective and metabolism-targeting compound, is naturally present in everyday foods and dietary supplements underscores its pivotal role and significant value in safeguarding human health.

 

- With its exceptional immunomodulatory properties, pyrroloquinoline quinone has emerged as an optimal choice for alleviating inflammation in animal cells and intestines. As a feed additive, PQQ significantly bolsters the immune resilience and antioxidant capacity of livestock, injecting fresh momentum into the advancement of animal husbandry.

 

 

References:

 

1. Dominique Turck, et al. Safety Of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt As A Novel Food Pursuant To Regulation (Ec)No 258/97. EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority（2017）

2. Nur Syafiqah Mohamad Ishak, et al. Pyrroloquinoline-quinone to reduce fat accumulation and ameliorate obesity progression. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES（2023）

3. Jianxin Gu, et al. Purified pyrroloquinoline quinone fortified food. mag（2012）

4. Karen R Jonscher, et al. Pyrroloquinoline-Quinone Is More Than an Antioxidant: A Vitamin-like Accessory Factor Important in Health and Disease Prevention. Biomolecules（2021）

5. Alessio Canovai, et al. Pyrroloquinoline quinone: a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism.. Neural regeneration research（2024）

6. Y W Zheng, et al. Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium supplementation on inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide.. Poultry science（2020）

7. Pengju Zhang, et al. The Effect of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on Apoptosis and Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury.. CNS and Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets（2017）

8. J Z Wu, et al. Pyrroloquinoline quinone enhances the resistance to oxidative stress and extends lifespan upon DAF-16 and SKN-1 activities in C. elegans.. Experimental gerontology（2016）

9. Kazuki Kimura, et al. Pyrroloquinoline quinone stimulates epithelial cell proliferation by activating epidermal growth factor receptor through redox cycling.. Free Radical Biology and Medicine（2012）

10. Yang Ren, et al. Adaptive evolutionary strategy coupled with an optimized biosynthesis process for the efficient production of pyrroloquinoline quinone from methanol. Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts（2023）

11. Xiang-Hua Xiong, et al. Production and radioprotective effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone.. International journal of molecular sciences（2011）

12. Bo-qing Zhu, et al. Pyrroloquinoline quinone decreases myocardial infarct size and improves cardiac function in rat models of ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion. Journal of the American College of Cardiology（2004）

13. Muhammed Ali Nalbant, et al. Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) and Coenzyme Q10 on mitochondrial genes, mitomiRs and cellular properties in HepG2 cell line. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)（2023）

14. Deng Weiping, et al. Pyrroloquinolines compound and application thereof. user-5f8411ab4c775e9685ff56d3（2013）

15. L Shi, et al. Pyrroloquinoline quinone protected autophagy-dependent apoptosis induced by mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in INS-1 cells.. Human & experimental toxicology（2020）

16. Xingchao Wang, et al. Combining Quinone Cathode and Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Organic Sodium-Ion Batteries. Chem（2019）

17. Joel S Karliner, et al. Pyrroloquinoline quinones and use thereof. mag（2007）

18. Xingtao Zhao, et al. Quercetin As A Protective Agent For Liver Diseases: A Comprehensive Descriptive Review Of The Molecular Mechanism. Phytotherapy Research（2021）

19. Zhihui Min, et al. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Administration Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice by Regulating the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway. Mediators of inflammation（2022）

20. Xue-feng Qu, et al. Pyrroloquinoline quinone ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting the pyroptosis signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice and AC16 cells. European Journal of Nutrition（2022）

21. Akiharu Watanabe, et al. Pharmacological Application of PQQ. Principles and Applications of Quinoproteins（2020）