Ursodeoxycholic acid (3α, 7β-dihydroxy-5β-bile acid (UDCA) is a kind of dihydroxy acid, accounting for 3% of the total human bile. It Was first isolated from the bile of Chinabear and named by Shoda of Okayama University inJapan, in 1985 Leuschner found that the serum transaminases decreased when he treated Combined hepatitis gallstones by it, after then a large number of clinical studies have proved that UDCA has real treatment effects on some liver disease. Its therapeutic mechanism of action and efficacy on liver disease are as below:

Cholestatic liver disease has close relation with the accumulation of chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, these cholalic acid will cause liver cell damage due to the detergent function. UDCA is a kind of non-toxic hydrophilic cholalic acid which can competitively inhibit the absorption of toxic endogenous cholalic acid in the ileum. By activating signal network composed of calcium ions and protein kinase C and mitotic activity of protein kinase it can enhance the secretory capacity of cholestatic liver cells and decrease the concentration of endogenous hydrophobic bile acid in the blood and liver cells to attain the effect of anti cholestatic. UDCA also can competitively take place of toxic cholic acid molecules in the cell membranes and cell wall to prevent the toxic cholic acid from more damage to hepatocytes and biliary cells. The specific performance of these effects are as followed:

(1) Cytoprotective effect. UDCA bonder can significantly reduce cell lysis of liver cell which is induced by hydrophobic cholalic acid and decrease the apoptosis of cultured rat and human which is induced by toxic cholalic acid.
(2) Membrane stabilizing effect. UDCA can prevents mitochondrial membrane from permeability changes induced by cholalic acid. In other words, it can use the membrane stabilizing function to protect mitochondrial membrane, basement membrane and small duct membrane from damage induced by cholalic acid.
(3) Antioxidant effect. UDCA can inhibit activation of cell Kupffer induced by toxic cholalic acids, It also can increase the level of glutathione and thiol-containing proteins in liver cells to protect liver cells from oxidative damage.
(4) Immunoregulation effects. UDCA can indirectly inhibit the typeⅠand type Ⅱ gene expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) by reducing stimulation of hydrophobic cholalic acid , it also can directly inhibit the gene expression by activating the glucocorticoid receptor.

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1. NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) product
Synonym: NAD+, Co I, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
CAS:53-84-9
Molecular weight: 662.42
Normal package:1kg,10kg

2. product information:
1) NAD is a kind of coenzyme existed in all living cells, it is an essential coenzyme in modern biocatalysis.
2) NAD involves oxidation reduction reactions in organism, it transports and deliver the substance in the reaction, transfer of electrons; bioconversion reaction.
3) NAD can be used as a direct template for drug design, it also can indirectly change the activity of action on enzyme by designing enzyme inhibitors or stimulants based on the structure of NAD, or it can directly inhibit the biosynthesis of NAD.
4) NAD is possibly to become to be a very important anti-aging ancillary drug. The hot product Sir2 protein in modern biological research is just a deacetylase enzyme relying on NAD, which main function is to prolong life cycle of cell (anti-aging).

Beta nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate（NADP+）

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide（NAD+）

product name:beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide trihydrate，beta-DPN;
beta-NAD

CAS： 53-84-9

EINECS: 200-184-4

molecular formula：C21H26N7O14P2

molecular weight: 662.4177

Function and application:

It participates in energy metabolism and material metabolism in humanbody, it is benefited to the repair and update of cell. It can be used to treat coronary heart disease, myocarditis, leukopenia disease etc.

Property: white powder with a strong moisture absorption. It is easily soluble in water or saline, insoluble in acetone.

NADP+

product name： Triphosphopyridine nucleotide

synonym： beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; beta-NADP

CAS： 53-59-8

molecular formula： C21H28N7O17P3

molecular weight： 743.41

EINECS ： 200-178-1

Property: white or gray powder with a strong moisture absorption. It is easily soluble in water or methanol, difficultly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in aether and acetic ether

Application:

It is a necessary coenzyme in organisms, it is used in biochemical and pharmaceutical research.

beta-NADP sodium salt

CAS: 1184-16-3

EINECS: 214-664-6

molecular formula: C21H27N7NaO17P3

molecular weight: 765.39

synonym:BETA-NADP SODIUM SALT, HYDRATE;BETA-NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE, MONOSODIUM SALT;BETA-NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE SODIUM SALT

Grade: Br

Assay： ≥98%

Property：off-white to yellow powder

Melting point:175-178 °C

Storage: under −20°C

Application: biochemical research.

NADP disodium salt

CAS:24292-60-2

EINECS: 246-129-8

molecular formula: C21H26N7Na2O17P3

molecular weight: 787.37

MDL: MFCD00065390

synonym：β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate disodium salt；Coenzyme II；NADP；TPN；Triphosphopyridine nucleotide

Grａde: BR

Assay: ≥97.0%

Property: White or off white powder. It is the coenzyme of dehydrogenase and hydrogenation enzymes, it can easily absorb moisture, soluble in water and methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol, almost insoluble in ether and ethyl acetate.

Storage: under −20°C

Application:

It can be used in biochemical research. It is ingredients of diagnostic reagents of enzyme activity and compound coenzyme.

DISODIUM SALT (NADH 2Na)

ＣＡＳ:606-68-6

纯度：98% HPLC

product name：BETA-NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE, DISODIUM SALT

molecular formula：C21H27N7Na2O14P2

molecular weight：709.4

Grade: BR

Assay: ≥9８%(HPLC)

Property: white or yellow powder

Storage: ２－８°C

Application: This product is for scientific research, it can not be used for other purposes. It usuallybe used as electron donor, it is a cofactor for many oxidoreductase.

BETA-NADPH TETRASODIUM SALT

synonym: BETA-TRIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE TETRASODIUM SALT,REDUCED FORM;BETA-TRIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE, SODIUM, REDUCED FORM;BETA-NADPH;BETA-NADPH, TETRASODIUM;BETA-NADPH TETRASODIUM SALT;BETA-NADPH TETRASODIUM SALT,REDUCED FORM;BETA-NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE SODIUM SALT, REDUCED FORM;BETA-NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE TETRASODIUM SALT (REDUCED FORM)

CAS: 2646-71-1

molecular formula: C21H26N7Na4O17P3

molecular weight: 833.35

EINECS: 220-163-3

Assay： 9５%

Property：off-white to yellow powder

Melting point: >250°C

Storage: under −20°C

Application: biochemical research. it can not be used for other purposes. It usually be used as electron donor, it is a cofactor for many oxidoreductase.

Related products series are as followed:

NAD+

NADP+

beta-NADP sodium salt

NADP disodium salt

NADH 2Na

NADPH 4Na

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