Cross-Industry Applications of 2'-Fucosyllactose(CAS:41263-94-9)

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a common additive found in products such as infant formula, yogurt, fruit juices, and beverages. Its primary role is to enhance product texture and stability. In addition to its use in the food industry, 2'-FL has shown multiple therapeutic potentials that positively impact human health. It plays a significant role in neuroprotection and repair, offering the potential to mitigate brain damage following a stroke. Moreover, it contributes to improved gut health, reduction of skin inflammation, and regulation of immune responses. These recent discoveries not only present promising prospects for the diverse applications of 2'-FL but also highlight its broad impact on various industries.

Immune System Regulation: 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) regulates the immune system and acts as a prebiotic in lactating rats. The results indicate that rats supplemented with 2'-FL had increased plasma IgG and IgA levels on the 8th day, an increase in mesenteric lymph node T cell subpopulations, and increased intestinal villus height and area. These rats also exhibited a higher proportion of lactobacilli and different urine metabolic profiles in their cecal samples on the 8th day. This suggests that early-life supplementation of 2'-FL has prebiotic and intestinal nutritional effects, promoting the maturation of the immune system.

Impact on Infant Growth, Tolerance, and Compliance: A two-month feeding trial was conducted on infants aged 0-60 days, with a primary focus on infants' weight-for-age z-scores during the study period. Infants showed significant improvement in weight-for-age z-scores from day 1 to day 60. These results indicate that the widespread hydrolyzed infant formula containing 2'-FL has good tolerance, safety, and growth support effects in the intended population.

Genotoxicity and Neonatal Subchronic Toxicity of 2'-Fucosyllactose Mixture (LNFP-I/2'-FL): This mixture is a type of human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), bioactive molecules primarily found in human breast milk, and is synthesized through biotechnology for the purpose of adding it to infant formula to closely mimic the composition of breast milk. The study included bacterial reverse mutation tests, in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus tests, and a 90-day oral study in neonatal rats, which is the first HMO study to include new endocrine-sensitive endpoints described in the 2018 OECD Test Guideline 408. The study results indicate that LNFP-I/2'-FL, even at doses as high as 5000 mg/kg body weight, does not exhibit genotoxicity. Additionally, no adverse effects related to the test substance were observed in clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, clinical pathology, and organ weights. These results support the safety of LNFP-I/2'-FL for its intended use in food.

Role in Neuroprotection and Repair: 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a major oligosaccharide in human milk, known to reduce gastrointestinal inflammation. In experiments, 2'-FL significantly countered the biological effects induced by NMDA or glutamate in rat neuronal cultures, reducing intracellular calcium ion concentration (Ca++i) and alleviating inflammation and apoptosis. In a rat stroke model, 2'-FL exhibited neuroprotective effects by reducing the infarct area of the brain, mitigating microglial cell activation, improving motor skills, and increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after a stroke. Post-treatment with 2'-FL aids in neurological repair after a stroke.

Safety Data for a Novel Human Milk Oligosaccharide: The human milk oligosaccharide in question is 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), synthesized through chemical methods. In two in vitro experiments, 2'-FL did not exhibit mutagenic properties. Oral administration to rats for up to 90 days did not result in any adverse effects. The highest No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was determined at 5000 mg/kg body weight.

2'-Fucosyllactose enhances vaccine immune responses, reduces inflammatory damage, and has the potential to treat intestinal inflammation while also demonstrating anti-aging potential. These research findings offer new insights into the diverse applications of 2'-FL, which may be significant in improving immune health and slowing the development of age-related diseases.

Impact of Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on Vaccine Immunity: Providing mice with varying doses of dietary 2'-FL, it was discovered that 2'-FL can significantly enhance vaccine-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, elevate vaccine-specific antibody levels, increase splenic B cell activation, and enhance vaccine-specific T cell and interferon-gamma secretion. 2'-FL can directly affect the maturation and antigen-presenting ability of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. The research results indicate that 2'-FL can improve both humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccines by influencing the differentiation of immune cells.

Reducing Inflammatory Damage: In a bovine lung infection model and in rat tracheal epithelial cells infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2'-FL has anti-inflammatory effects. The study found that, compared to the control group, cows that consumed 2'-FL had lower levels of immune parameters and cytokines/chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood. At slaughter, the degree of lung damage in the 2'-FL treated group was lower than in the control group. This indicates that 2'-FL has anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce inflammation damage caused by lung infections.

Treating Intestinal Inflammation: 2'-FL can promote the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in intestinal epithelial cells, thus preventing colitis in adult mice. This discovery provides a theoretical basis for using 2'-FL to treat intestinal inflammation.

No Adverse Effects: Newborn piglets consumed a diet containing up to 2000 mg/L of 2'-FL within 21 days. The calculated intake is approximately 300 mg per kilogram of body weight. There were no test substance-related effects observed for all endpoints tested. 2'-FL at concentrations up to 2000 mg/L did not cause any adverse effects.

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